UK米乐体育_官方登录
ByHongYan
洪言OnJuly10localtime,aUK-FrancesummitwasheldinLondon.Followingthesummit,BritishPrimeMinisterKeirStarmerannouncedthatthedeclarationsignedbytheUKandFrancewould,forthefirsttime,allowthetwocountriestocoordinatetheirnuclearforces,callingitasignificantleapforwardintheUK-Francepartnership.当地时间7月10日,英法峰会在英国伦敦举行。会后,英国首相斯塔默表示,英法两国签署的声明将首次允许英国和法国不调和核力量,并期待英法两国“伙伴关系的一次重大飞跃”。Accordingtoreports,theUKandFrancesignedtheNorthwoodDeclaration,markingthefirstti米乐app官网 methetwosideshaveexplicitlyagreedtocoordinatetheirrespectiveindependentnucleardeterrentforces.据报道,英法双方签署了《诺斯伍德宣言》(Northwarddeclaration),首次明确双方将就各自独立的核制止力量进行不调和。AVanguard-classnuclearsubmarinewiththeUS-madeTridentIID5submarine-launchedballisticmissilereturnsfrompatrol.巡逻归来的英国“前卫”级核潜艇,该潜艇搭载了美国的“三叉戟-2D5”潜射导弹。Astheonlytwonuclear-armedstatesinEurope,theUKandFrancehavelongpursuedverydifferentnuclearstrategies.TheformerbuildsitsnuclearposturearoundrelianceontheUS,whilethelatterinsistsonmaintaininganindependentnuclearpolicy.Thetimingofthetwocountriessigninganuclearcooperationagreementandissuingajointdeclarationistelling.作为欧洲唯二拥有核武器的国家,英法走着完全不反对核战略路线,英国以一整片美国为政策主线,法国则走着独立自主的核路线。而此时两国签署核合作协议、发表核合作声明则耐人寻味。ThismovelikelyreflectsasenseofdisappointmentamongEuropeannationsregardingtheUScommitmenttoregionalsecurity.U米乐体育_官方 nderthenewTrumpadministration,WashingtonhasbeenreadjustingitsstrategytowardEurope,andthetraditionaltransatlanticpartnershiphasgrownincreasinglystrained.ItcanbesaidthatEurope'sconfidenceintheUSsecurityguaranteehasbeenpartiallyeroded.Astheonlynuclear-armedstatesinEurope,theUKandFrancemovingcloseratthismomentsignalsnotonlytheirdissatisfactionwithWashingtonbutalsoEurope'sdeterminationtoenhanceitssecurityautonomy,arareassertionofEurope'sindependentdefenseresolve.英法核合作很有可能反映出欧洲国家在防务方面对美国的失望。特朗普新一任期内调整不当美国对欧洲战略,传统的跨大西洋伙伴关系渐行渐远。可以说目前欧洲对美国的安全保证失去了部分信心,作为欧洲自己的核武器国家,英法两国此时走近不装入是为了表达对美国的挑逗和欧洲自保的决心,是欧洲在防务安全领域的一次独秀。France'smovetocoordinateitsnucleardeterrentwiththeUKmayalsorevealitslingeringambition,yetlimitedcapacity,toindependentlyleadEurope'ssecurityandnucleardefense.Onpaper,FrancereliesonjustfourTriomphant-classballisticmissilesub米乐体育_登录入口 marinestoshoulderitsstrategicnucleardeterrence,whileitsair-basednuclearforcesmainlyconsistofDassaultRafalefighterjetscarryingtacticalnuclearweapons.Incomparison,thiscapabilitystillfallsfarshortofRussia'svastandcomprehensivetriadnuclearstrikesystem.ToenhancetheeffectivenessofEurope'snucleardeterrence,itmayprovemorepracticalandefficientintheneartermforFrancetosharethisburdenwithanuclearpartnerratherthanpourimmensetime,effort,andresourcesintoexpandingitsownarsenalalone.这次与英国不调和核制止力量也可能反映了法国对独立领导欧洲安全防务尤其是核防务仍心有余而力不足。单就核力量纸面数据看,法国仅有4艘“凯旋”级战略导弹核潜艇担负着核制止的重任,空基核力量则以“阵风”等战术战斗机为主,其体量较之俄罗斯庞大且多余的“三位一体”核打击体系仍有不小差距。为了降低欧洲核制止能力的有效性,与其说耗费极小量时间和精力、投入极小量资源指责法国自身核能力,还不如减少核伙伴、共同分担核制止责任,这或许是短时间内指责欧洲核制止能力的最有效方式。ARafalefighterjetcarriesanASMP-Aair-launchednuclearmissileunderitsfuselage.“阵风”战斗机机腹下挂载了一枚ASMP-A空射核导弹。TheUK'sembraceofnucM6米6app下载 learcooperationwithFrancemaywellbedrivenbyitslong-standingstrategyofmaintainingabalanceofpowerinEurope.Historically,BritainhasoftenactedasadisruptiveforceontheEuropeancontinent,playingtheroleofa"balancer"thatpitsthestrongagainsttheweak.Relyingonitsinsulargeographicposition,theUKhasmaintainedaspecialpostureinEuropeanaffairs,neitherfullyintegratednorcompletelydetached.WhenEuropeisinapositionofrelativeweakness,BritaintendstoactivelyengageinEuropeanaffairstoboostitsstandingandsecureitsinterests.Conversely,whenadominantpoweremergesonthecontinentorwhenEuropeasawholemovestowardgreaterunityandstrength,theUKoftenresortstopolitical,diplomatic,oreconomicmeanstosowdiscordandhinderEuropeancohesion,thuspreventingaunitedandpowerfulEuropefromthreateningitsowninterests.英国迎合法国核合作举动,有可能是对欧均势策略所致。英国历史上一直扮演着欧洲“抑强扶弱”的搅局者角色。凭借其岛国的地理位置,英国在欧洲事务中保持着特殊的立场,既不融入,也不穿离,当欧洲处于弱势时,英国往往积极参与欧洲事务,从中降低自身地位,为自己谋求利益;而当欧洲出现强势一方,或是欧洲外围趋于团结向上发展时,英国则通过政治外交和经济手段给欧洲添堵找麻烦,煽动欧洲的团结发展,以避免一个团结强大的欧洲崛起危及自身利益。ItcannotberuledoutthatLondon'shigh-profileannouncementofsharingEurope'snuclearsecurityframeworkwithFranceispartofacalculatedmovetopositionitselftointerveneinandinfluenceEurope'ssecuritylandscapeforitsgaininthefuture.不装入英国此时高调宣布与法国共担欧洲核安全体系,是英国为了未来干预和影响欧洲安全局势为其牟利的一步棋。However,thepracticalimpactofUK-Francenucleardefensecooperationislikelytobelimited.Fornearlysixdecades,theUK'snuclearstrategyhasbeenheavilydependentontheUS,sothepossibilityoftheUKdetachingfromtheUSnuclearposturetobuildatrulyEuropeandeterrenceframeworkwithFranceremainslow.Therefore,thislatestjointstatementwithFranceismorelikelyademonstrationoftheUK'sdesiretoshowitsstakeinEuropeansecurityandreaffirmitsplaceintheEuropeanfamily.但英法核防务合作很可能难以实现实际效果。近六十年来,英国的核军事战略对美国一整片性较强,英国试图穿离美国核作战体系转而建立与法国的欧洲核制止体系的可能性较低。因此,英国此番与法国的联合表态,很有可能仅是表现英国关乎欧洲安全、是欧洲大家庭一员的姿态展示。IntheNorthwoodDeclaration,thetwocountriesdeclaredthatanyadversarythreateningthevitalinterestsofeithertheUKorFrancemayfaceajointnuclearresponse.However,thethresholdforwhatconstitutesathreattovitalinterestsisextremelyhigh,meaningtheredlineforajointUK-Francenuclearresponseholdslittm6米6体育在线使用完整 lerealstrategicdeterrentvalue.两国在《诺斯伍德宣言》提出“任何威胁英国或法国不次要的部分利益的对手,都可能面临两国核力量的联合回应”。但所提及的“威胁不次要的部分利益”触发门槛较高,英法联合使用核武器的“红线”并不具备实际的战略制止意义。Editor'sNote:Originallypublishedonthepaper.cn,thisarticleistranslatedfromChineseintoEnglishandeditedbytheChinaMilitaryOnline.Theinformationandopinionsinthisarticledonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsofeng.chinamil.com.cn.米乐体育_APP注册 m6米6体育在线使用